|
A revolutionary wave is a series of revolutions occurring in various locations in a similar time period. In many cases, past revolutions and revolutionary waves may inspire current ones, or an initial revolution inspires other concurrent "affiliate revolutions" with similar aims.〔Mark N. Katz, (''Revolution and Revolutionary Waves'' ), Palgrave Macmillan (October 1, 1999)〕〔Nader Sohrabi, ''Revolution and Constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire and Iran'', Cambridge University Press, 2011 (p. 74, 83, 87, 90, 94, 96 ), ISBN 0-521-19829-1, ISBN 978-0-521-19829-5〕 Historians and political philosophers have studied the causes of revolutionary waves, including Robert Roswell Palmer, Crane Brinton, Hannah Arendt, Eric Hoffer and Jacques Godechot.〔 *Colin J. Beck, Dissertation submitted to Stanford University Department of Sociology graduate Ph.D program, March 2009, "Ideological roots of waves of revolution," ProQuest, 2009, (p. 1-5 ), ISBN 1-109-07655-X, 9781109076554. * Note: Colin J. Beck also wrote ''The Ideological Roots of Waves of Revolution,'' BiblioBazaar, 2011, ISBN 1-243-60856-0, 9781243608567〕 The concept is important to Marxists, who see revolutionary waves as evidence that a world revolution is possible. For Rosa Luxemburg, "The most precious thing … in the sharp ebb and flow of the revolutionary waves is the proletariat's spiritual growth. The advance by leaps and bounds of the intellectual stature of the proletariat affords an inviolable guarantee of its further progress in the inevitable economic and political struggles ahead."〔Rosa Luxemburg, ''Gesammelte Werke'', quoted in Tony Cliff (Rosa Luxemburg, 1905 and the classic account of the mass strike ) in ''(Patterns of mass strike )'', International Socialism 2:29, Summer 1985, p.3-61.〕 However, the phrase also has been used by non-Marxist activists and writers, including Justin Raimondo and Michael Lind, to describe numbers of revolutions happening within a short period of time.〔Justin Raimondo, (The Revolutionary Wave: Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen – is the West next? ), Antiwar.com, January 28, 2011. * Frank B. Tipton, ''A history of modern Germany since 1815'', University of California Press, 2003, (p. 82 ), ISBN 0-520-24049-9, ISBN 978-0-520-24049-0〕〔Michael Lind, ''Vietnam, the Necessary War: A Reinterpretation of America's Most Disastrous Military Conflict'', Simon and Schuster, 2002 (p 37 ) ISBN 0-684-87027-4, ISBN 978-0-684-87027-4〕 Various examples of revolutionary waves are cited.〔Colin J. Beck, "Ideological roots of waves of revolution," p. 161.〕 == 18th and 19th century == * The wave of Atlantic Revolutions occurring at the end of the 18th century, including the American Revolution (1776), the French Revolution (1789), the Haitian Revolution (1791) and the Batavian Revolution (1795). Later, the Latin American wars of independence, including the various Spanish American wars of independence of 1810–1826 were often seen as inspired at least in part by the American and French Revolutions in terms of their liberal Enlightenment ideology and aims, are counted as the second part of the Atlantic Wave. * The Revolutions of 1820, such as the Decembrist revolt in Russia and the Greek War of Independence. * The Revolutions of 1830, such as the July Revolution in France and the Belgian Revolution. * The Revolutions of 1848 throughout Europe, following the February Revolution in France. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「revolutionary wave」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|